A Review of the Basics of Excretory Urography in Animals

Excretory urography is one of the radiography methods using contrast media which increases the clarity of kidney Parenchyma and the urinary system and diagnosis of abnormal cases-if existing. The basics of excretory urography is injection in veins of a radioopaque contrast media which is soluble in water which as chosen can be excreted by the kidneys. Most of the contrast media have iodine, are soluble in water and can be excreted by the kidneys. The contrast media after injection circulates systemically in the body and as chosen is excreted from the kidneys. Excretory urography is used for several of the genitourinary injuries for example pain, kidney mass, kidney hematoma, kidney stones, injury to the urinary system, bladder diseases, complications after urinary system operation and etc. Urography is chosen first for the diagnosis of these injuries and despite other diagnostic techniques for example ultrasonography can not replace them. Excretory urography is better than ultrasonography because excretory urography unlike ultrasonography is a relatively accurate method of evaluation of the total and relative function of the kidneys and urinary ducts. To understand the diagnostic tools of excretory urography all its aspects for example preparing the patient, anesthesia, dose and speed of injection, radiography, method of injection, glomerular filtration rate, details of medication and side effects of the contrast media are evaluated in this article.