Cytogenetical and morphological diversity of wild types of wheat

In this study, karyotype of 18 samples of wild diploid and tetraploid of wheat ancestors were examined which includes four samples of the T. Boeoticum, six samples of Ae.taushii, four samples of Ae triuncialis, one sample of Ae cylindrical and also two unknown samples.Chromosomal characteristics such as total length of chromosomes, long arm and short arm length were measured . Thereafter the other characteristics including the ratio of long to short arm, centromere index and chromosome relative length percentage was calculated and the samples were compared on the base of chromosomal characteristics. In cluster analysis on the base of chromosomes characteristics, the samples are divided into two groups (diploids and tetraploids) by Euclidean distance. Two unknown samples were diploid that have showed by chromosomal counting. Tetraploid wheats had more asymmetric karyotype than diploids. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity two diploid wild wheat (Ae.tauschi and T. Boeoticum) in terms of agronomic traits were also evaluated in the field. Cluster analysis showed three groups and species are well-separated except Ae. Tauschii (44) which was grouped individually. But In grouping process on the basis of karyotype characteristic, diploid species were not separated from each other that might be because of agronomical properties which were the result of genes expression while karyotype characteristics were due to chromosomal differences and similarities that necessarily doesn’t lead to genetic and phenotypic similarity.