Management and Minimization of Energy Cost with Virtual Power Plant Formation and Considering Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Virtual power plants are among the cases that have entered to the network after restructuring of the power network. These plants are in fact a set of users that have the ability to use and generate power. With the widespread use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, energy management in this type of power plants requires further investigation because these vehicles are able to receive and inject power from/to the network. Therefore the study of the effect of the presence of these vehicles in the management of virtual power plants is necessary. In this thesis power consumption/generation in virtual plants has been studied in the presence of hybrid electric vehicles. The objective function of the management of virtual power plants problem is minimizing the overall cost which includes the cost of energy production in power generation units’ fuel and the vehicles battery degradation cost and the cost of buying electricity from the grid; also the plant function, loads and hybrid vehicle constraints are considered. Among other item that is included in this paper is: the cost of penalty for emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, NOx) by power generating units and vehicles. For computer implementation and simulation GAMS software system and sample power system are applied.