How did the notion of Mardom (the people) evolve in the predominant discourse of the Iranian intellectuals? A study from the constitutional state to Rezakhan government

Modern Iranian intellectualas played a crucial role in the establishment of the "constitutional state" with democratic and constitutionalistic demands and the emergence of "Rezakhan government" relying on a tyrannical coup d'état in a short period of time (1285-1304).
This article deals with the evolution of the Iranian intellectual's discourse from the constitutional revolution up to the emergence of Rezakhan government and demonstrates how the constitutionalistic cause was substituted for tyranny and obligatory (Zoor) practices were substituted for pursuing awareness. The intellectual's attitude towards the people (Mardom) evolved and the claim that the "insane people" (Mardom-e-Nadan) needs "education" (Tarbiat) became the central point in social and cultural policy making during Reazakhan government.
Although the constitutional state faced a great deal of problems from the very beginning of its establishment and was not able to fulfill its promises because of internal disagreements and external defiances of the powerful traditional structures of the Iranian society, the incidence of the World War I had a remarkable influence on the evolution of the intellectual's discourse. In fact, the War threatened social and political structures of the Iranian society and ignored its territorial integrity and political govrnance and resulted in failure of the constitutional movement.
On the other hand, groups of the intellectuals supporting both sides of the War actively participated in it and the experience of the people's refusal in response to their call for helping them ended in change of their attitude towards the people (Mardom) and their ethos and qualifications.
At the end of this period, "the education of the nation" (Tarbiat-e-Mellat) and the necessity of making them to participate in the modernization programs turned out to be the most fundamental proposition of the intellectual's discourse relying on Rezakhan's enlighted tyranny. Faucoultian way of analysis is utilized to explain the evolution of the discourses.