Effect of Vermiwash on Two Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch(Acari, Tetranychidae), and i s Effect on the Leaf Chlorophyll Index and Photosystem II Efficiency in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Vermiwash, is rich in macro and micro elements, growth hormones such as Auoxin, Cytokinin and beneficial microorganisms. In the present study, the repellent effect of vermiwash against two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) and its effect on chlorophyll content and photosystem II efficiency of common bean was evaluated in comparison with Propal in 2014. Artificial infection was made by two spotted spider mite and the treatments of Vermiwash include sterile, non-sterile, and Propal and mixture of them were sprayed on the plants. 48 hours after spraying, the death percent, was estimated by magnification handheld and Henderson-Tilton formula. After 45 days, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter was evaluated. To test the repellent, olfactometer device (for one step leaf treated with vermiwash and in second step, the medical cotton treated with Vermiwash) was used. Both observations indicated the repellent effects of vermiwash on spider mite (p=0.051 for one step and p=0.024 for second step). Total concentration of Propal and mixture of half primary concentration of Vermiwash with half primary concentration of Propal caused 100 Percent losses in spider mite population. Chlorophyll content, photosystem II efficiency and dry matter in all the treatments were significantly increased compared to control. It means that vermiwash in equal concentration to propal, could control the pest. The use of vermiwash could supply plants food need, increase the biological resistance of plants to pests and avoid pest infestation.