Juridical Typology of Political Negotiation with the Enemies according to the History (Considering the Negotiation with the U.S.)

Political negotiation is a diplomatic method which in modern times has developed. In political negotiation with enemies there are some conflicts in interests and harms, necessities, purposes, parties of negotiations, international feedbacks, religious ideology etc. These conflicts are mostly about negotiation with the U.S. For one reason it is due to the dynamism of diplomatic system and on the other hand it leads to duality and doubt in adopting strategies. Using an analytic-descriptive approach and considering Islam`s history and the prophet`s lifestyle and Ahl Al-Beit (peace be upon them) and juridical foundations, this paper deals with typology of different kinds of negotiations to determine the policy of the Islamic state. Grouping negotiations of the prophet and Ahl Al-Beit in five categories, this study analyzes modern negotiations. This matter is the primary reason that the performance of the prophet and Ahl Al-Beit turns out to be a pattern for any modern negotiation, so that any negotiation, especially with the U.S. does not appear as the same. Eventually, considering the back ground that is obtained from the history of prophet’s negotiations, invitation, advice, promoting virtue and preventing vice and negotiation with compulsion and imposition is more compatible with their way of negotiation.