The study of evidentiality in Persian: A typological approach

speaker`s attitude toward her/his statement. Aikhenvald (2004) presented a model for evidential in about 500 languages around the world. She introduce 2 types of evidentiality. Grammatical evidentiality including obligatory affixes and clitics and ungrammatical evidentiality including optional syntactic and lexical strategies. Aikhenvald refers to direct and indirect evidentials from a semantic view point. This study show that there aren`t any grammatical evidentials in Persian and like the other Indo- European languages , Persian has linguistic items which fulfill evidential function in addition to their first roles in language. Some of evidential structures in Persian include impersonal passive forms, modal expressions , tense- aspect features, reports and quotations and sensory and perception verbs.