The Relation of Angiographic-Based Coronary Artery Diameters with Gender and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Normal or Mild CAD

Several physiological and pathological processes affect the diameter of coronary arteries. It seems that the pathological increase or decrease in the size of coronary arteries is associated with cardiovascular events.
The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the diameter of coronary arteries, gender, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 96 patients who underwent coronary angiography at our tertiary research center. The patients’ demographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary artery diameters were recorded using a digital sliding caliper.
Out of 96 patients with a mean age of 56.3 ± 9.8 years, 62 (64.6%) were female. Among cardiovascular risk factors dyslipidemia was the most prevalent (55 patients or 57.3%) followed by hypertension (45 patients or 46.9%) and smoking (17 patients or 17.7%). The means of the right coronary artery (RCA), left main coronary artery (LMCA), left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) diameters were 3.27 ± 0.7 mm, 4.35 ± 0.7 mm, 3.5 ± 0.6 mm and 3 ± 0.7 mm, respectively. The female and participants and participants with diabetes had smaller coronary arteries: these differences have become statistically significant for LMCA and LAD in both groups (in women, the p value for LMCA and LAD were 0.04 and 0.02, respectively, and in those with diabetics, the p value for LMCA and LAD were 0.02 and 0.04, respectively).
In our study, female participants and participants with diabetes have smaller coronary arteries. No statistically significant relationships were found between traditional coronary risk factors and the diameters of coronary arteries.