Genetic diversity and structure of Tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula Linnaeus, 1758) based on mtDNA cytochrome b gene in the Gorgan Bay

The Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) is one of the most widely distributed of anseriforms. The aim of this study was to analyses the population genetic diversity and structure of the Tufted duckin Gorgan bay with mtDNA genes (Cytochrome b). Extraction of DNA, PCR and DNA sequencing were carried out. Diversity index (Haplotype and nucleotide diversity), Fst index, Gene flow (Nm), exact test, D test of Tajima and Fs test of Fu on 9 sequence were analyzed by DNAsp and Arlequin. Also, we Analysis of the phylogenetic tree and Haplotype network that both draw with our sample and European and Asian population samples existing in Genbank by MEGA, MrBayes and Network. Generally, data set with 961 bp was used for each individual, four haplotypes were obtained, average (±SD) for haplotype diversity was 0.6944 ± 0.147, nucleotide diversity was 0.00095± 0.0008. The high value of Nm (Nm=1.598, P