Contrastive Study of the Mythical Symbols of Heroines in We are accustomed to & Red and Black written by Pirzad & Stendhal

The mythical symbols are the reflection of spiritual needs of human beings. Indeed, the symbol is the mythical language. In the 20th century, the anthropological researches conducted by Gilbert Durand, have assisted in recognition and understanding of its symbolic meanings. On the other hand, attention paid to myth by psychoanalysts and their research about the meaning of symbols have opened another window for researching and recognizing mythical themes. From the Freud’s point of view, myth is the indicator of mental tensions emerged from the unconsciousness of humans. From Jung’s point of view, the mythical themes are rooted in the collective unconsciousness of human beings; therefore, if we recognize archetypal meanings, we have achieved collective unconsciousness. Jung believes that any artistic and literary creation is originated in ancient myths and is the manifestation of the mental condition and spiritual needs of the human beings. Benefiting from his analytical psychology and studying the masculine and feminine element and its influence on ancient pattern dominant on the psyche of humans, he studies the personality of humans. In the present research paper, the goddesses embedded in the heroines of two works entitled “We are accustomed to” & “Red and Black” written by Pirzad & Stendhal will be studied. The goddesses who form the psychological structure of the heroines of these two works as a pattern will be analyzed. We will benefit from the Jung’s archetypal ancient psychological theories for recognition of the cultural forms and the community from which the heroines have been emerged. The study of goddesses and ancient patterns dominant on the psyche of the heroines will help us in understanding the internal motivations of the characters. The result of the present study will pave a way for recognizing the behavioral models of the eastern and western communities.