Comparison of Short-term prematurity complications in neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome by two methods of mechanical ventilation and Intubation-SURfactant-Rapid Extubation (INSURE)

Background and Surfactant injection through Intubation-SURfactant-Rapid Extubation (INSURE) and conventional mechanical ventilation are methods that used for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to compare the short term prematurity complications in neonates who were treated with one of these two methods.
Material and This descriptive study that performed on documents of 120 preterm neonates who hospitalized in NICU and received surfactant at 91-92 solar years.Neonates who had inclusion criteria formed two groups based on non randomized sampling and conventional treatment in the same year in this hospital that include: Intubation-SURfactant-Rapid Extubation group and Mechanical Ventilation group in years of 1392 and 1391 respectively. Required variables extracted from files and the questionnaire was completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS version21 through t-test and chi-square test with95% confidence interval.
The results showed that intraventricular hemorrhage, death and disseminated intravascular coagulation (p=0/01) and retinopathy of prematurity (p=0/03), Pneumothorax (p=0/001) in the INSURE group were significantly less than Mechanical Ventilation group. But, not differed in two groups about the pulmonary hemorrhage (p=0/4), sepsis (p=0/29) and patent ductus arteriosus (p=0/24). The onset of milk and hospital discharge in INSURE group was sooner than MV group but this difference was not statistically significant (p= 0/06, 0/1 respectively).
Based on the findings of this study, INSURE method in preterm infants with respiratory distress related to prematurity complications compared to mechanical ventilation strategy is more safe. Therefore, further studies are suggested in order to use this method for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in neonatal intensive care units.