Welding Methods for Joining Polymer Nanocomposites in Automobile Applications

In recent years, one of the advances made in plastic and composite industries has been the development and commodification of polymer base nanocomposites. Nanocomposites due to their better mechanical, electrical and thermal properties compared to conventional polymers, metals and ceramics have been welcomed by many industries including automobile, ship and aerospace manufacturers. The morphology of polymer and polymer nanocomposites and the optimization of their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties have been investigated by many researchers. Investigation on their weldability is necessary to achieve successful welding process in order to increase their application in industry. This article reviews the methods used for bonding and joining polymers and polymer nanocomposites. Since welding is the best method for joining polymer and polymer nanocomposites, the review, in particular, is focused on various welding methods such as laser process which is currently used in this field. Laser welding processes offer many advantages such as high speed, high density power, easy control and automation, non-contact operation, non-contamination and therefore no subsequent operations, and low heat energy input into the work-piece which causes thin heat affected zone. With all the advantages mentioned above, laser welding is the best process for joining polymer and polymer nanocomposite used in automotive industry.