The evaluation of rye 1RS translocation distribution in some Iranian wheat promising genotypes and wheat cultivars using molecular markers

The short arm of 1RS rye (Secale cereal) chromosome carrying genes involved in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and is valuable resource for wheat (Triticum aestivium) breeding. 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS arm have been used on a global scale in wheat breeding programs. In this study, three rye specific primers (RyeR3/F3, O-SEC5/a and PAW161) were used to investigate the distribution of 1RS- rye arm in 22 Iranian dryland promising wheat lines , five native wheat cultivars, five foreign cultivars, Kavkaz (positive control for 1BL.1RS), Tam 107 (positive control for 1AL.1RS) and the Chiness Spring (negative control for 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS). 1RS arm were confirmed in 86% of Iranian dryland promising wheat lines using RyeR3/F3 and PAW161 primers. O-SEC5/A primer was used to distinguish between translocation of 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS, accordingly, 1BL.1RS arm was observed for 7 (31%) Iranian dryland promising wheat lines (19thErwyte4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 20, 24) and 2 (28%) commercial cultivars (Rasad and Rijaw), while, none of them have 1AL.1RS arm. Results of this study showed the successful use of rye specific markers in the identification of 1RS arm in wheat cultivars and high translocation distribution of 1BL.1RS in wheat genome of dryland wheat research institute. These diversity can be used as an effective tool for creating new wheat populations. Zeleny number, starch, protein and hardness were measured to investigate the effect of 1RS translocation on wheat quality traits. Correlation of these traits with studied markers was checked with inter-regression, and no correlation was observed between these markers and quality traits. The lack of negative correlation between 1RS markers and quality traits of wheat can be very interesting for wheat breeders.