A Comparative Research on the Principles of Alā al-yad and Al-kharāj and the Genealogy of their Narrational Chain of Transmission
Author(s):
Abstract:
The evidence of legal rules is sometimes a tradition with different impression, sometimes it is of Shīa origin, sometimes of Sunnī origin, and sometimes sharing both Shīa and Sunnī. With a brief explanation of the principles of alā al-yad (owning an object by
having it at ones disposal), kharāj (tribute), assessment of significance, and the genealogy of the hadith, alā al-yad mā akhadhat ḥattā tuaddiya (It is incumbent upon man to give back what is at ones disposal) and kharāj bi al-ḍāmān (tribute by surety) from the two major sects (Sunnī and Shīa), the present article explores into and researches about the origin of these two hadiths. The renowned majority of the Sunnī and Shīa jurists consider the principle of alā al-yad applicable to sound contract, the benefits of mustawfāt (secondary benefits) and non-mustaqfāt of corrupt contract, and misappropriation; and do not consider the principle of kharāj applicable corrupt contract and misappropriation. Ibn Ḥamza from among the Shīas and Abū Ḥanīfa and Abū Yūsuf from among the Sunnīs consider kharāj as included in corrupt contract and misappropriation. The writer presumes surety (ḍamān) in the two principles as homonyms and the relation between the two as divergent and, like the Shīa jurists, finds the hadith It is incumbent upon man to give back what is at ones disposal and tribute by surety to be of Sunnī origin. Furthermore, by providing the time these two hadiths entered the Shīa sources and the motivation for relying on them, he (the writer) considers as inefficient the most outstanding narrative reasons for the principles alā al-yad and kharāj for the Shīa jurists and just to be presumed as confirming other reasons.
having it at ones disposal), kharāj (tribute), assessment of significance, and the genealogy of the hadith, alā al-yad mā akhadhat ḥattā tuaddiya (It is incumbent upon man to give back what is at ones disposal) and kharāj bi al-ḍāmān (tribute by surety) from the two major sects (Sunnī and Shīa), the present article explores into and researches about the origin of these two hadiths. The renowned majority of the Sunnī and Shīa jurists consider the principle of alā al-yad applicable to sound contract, the benefits of mustawfāt (secondary benefits) and non-mustaqfāt of corrupt contract, and misappropriation; and do not consider the principle of kharāj applicable corrupt contract and misappropriation. Ibn Ḥamza from among the Shīas and Abū Ḥanīfa and Abū Yūsuf from among the Sunnīs consider kharāj as included in corrupt contract and misappropriation. The writer presumes surety (ḍamān) in the two principles as homonyms and the relation between the two as divergent and, like the Shīa jurists, finds the hadith It is incumbent upon man to give back what is at ones disposal and tribute by surety to be of Sunnī origin. Furthermore, by providing the time these two hadiths entered the Shīa sources and the motivation for relying on them, he (the writer) considers as inefficient the most outstanding narrative reasons for the principles alā al-yad and kharāj for the Shīa jurists and just to be presumed as confirming other reasons.
Keywords:
Language:
Persian
Published:
Islamic Jurisprudence & Its Principles, Volume:49 Issue: 108, 2017
Pages:
111 to 130
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