Examination of Relationship between Teleconnection Indexes on Temperature and Precipitation Components Case Study: Karaj Synoptic Stations

In a recent decades to increase human knowledge on the Earth's climate and concern for people from climate change in the future, thereby has been identified the precise factors influencing Earth's climate. One of the climate phenomena that changes them cause great anomalies of climate, particularly on temperature and precipitation patterns in many parts of the world that are teleconnection. The reveal relationships between climatic parameters and they towards a better understanding of the volatility and climate variability is very important in every area. In this study, the relationship between large-scale and well-known patterns such as the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), Pacific North America (PNA), Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) and (PDO) with 9 temperature and precipitation variables in the Karaj synoptic station as monthly were analyzed over a 26 year period (2010-1985). At first, the normality of the data series based on the Kolmogorov - Smirnov was confirmed. In order to examine the relationship between large-scale patterns with temperature and precipitation variables, was used the Pearson correlation coefficient. Correlations on a monthly were assessed basis without delay and a delay of one month. The results showed that the relationship between the NAO index and the temperature and precipitation variables is observed in autumn and winter months and the impact on the autumn months is higher than the winter months. SOI index further communication with the precipitation variables is paramount; the role of this index is more obvious the autumn and winter months, while the MEI index shows a higher correlation with the temperature variables and was not observed particular relevance with precipitation variables. Role and impact in particular on temperature parameters months of spring, April and May and December in late autumn is stronger. PDO index on the temperature and precipitation variables in May is observed more in the middle of spring. PNA index only, is effective on the temperature variables and in December and February, higher communication is paramount. Results are important for greater understanding of the temperature and precipitation variability.