Exceptions and Substantive Defense

The main subject of this paper is the analysis of nature of exceptions of article 84 of Code of Civil Procedure, based on the classification of defenses to substantive defense or formal defense. Although exceptions of article 84 of Code of Civil Procedure are accepted as formal defenses in general, but more contemplation can show that all of these exceptions don’t have the same nature. Most of the exceptions are formal rules, but they sometimes need to substantive rules and objective matters and this will not influence their nature. Some of the exceptions are substantive rules, but they are propounded in the formal law to use in the formal law.In fact this usage are introduction for performance of the formal rules. Some of them are substantive rules and as a result, defense against them is substantive defense. But article 84 of Code of Civil Procedure has the same manner with these exceptions.