A review on anesthesia and sedation in birds

Restraint is requiring for clinical examination and treatment on birds like others animals. Both physical and chemical restraint can be used in birds. In surgical procedures on birds sedation and analgesia are important. Because mammals have different anatomy and physiology, there are limitations to the use of common anesthesia techniques in avian anesthesia. Inhalation anesthesia is the veterinarian’s method of choice that has many advantages such fast induction of anesthesia and recovery from anesthesia. Ease of use in the field and Wildlife, better speed of induction of anesthesia, the need for minimal equipment and low cost are some advantages for injectable anesthesia. One disadvantage of this method is elimination of drug from body that is dependent on biotransformation and excretion. For avian anesthesia, according to species, type of surgical procedure, duration of anesthesia and sedation and availability of equipment, the best method of anesthesia and least dangerous should be chosen and used.