Ontological Pre-Suppositions of Modern Natural Sciences

Positivist approach to the modern science, has considered the experience as an exclusive research method in the natural sciences. This approach has been accepted generally over recent centuries, so that the progress of the natural sciences was in debt to this approach. This doctrine was challenged in the second half of the twentieth century, some philosophers of science as well as the social scientists tried to show the role of assumptions and the impact of non-empirical factors in modern natural sciences, nowadays, the Renaissance image of science as a pure experimental, has lost its validity. In this article we have tried to derive some ontological pre suppositions of the modern natural sciences, such as the principality of quantity, simplicity and Materialism. At the same time, it was shown that firstly, despite scientists’ claims that the science based on the observation and experiment, non-empirical assumptions also have played a strong role in the natural sciences. Secondly, despite some common elements which are between the modern and pre modern natural sciences, such as the principle of causality and the cosmological principle, there are certain differences between the basis upon which modern science cannot be considered a continuation of the pre modern physics and modern paradigm with its one-sided and materialistic approach, has ignored some aspects of the universe. So to put natural science in its proper place, it is necessary to reflect and revise these pre assumptions.