Effect of Drought Stress on Water Use Efficiency and Root Dry Weight of Wheat (Triticum aesativum L.) and Rye (Secale cereale L.) in Competition Conditions

Deficiency of water during the plant growth is one of the main factors which reduce the crops production around the world. Drought stress is one of the most important tensions that may occur around the low rainfall, high temperature and wind blowing environments. Plant response to this stress depends on the stage of plant growth and drought intensity. Weeds are unwanted and harmful plants with disturbance in agricultural practices which make increase the cost of crop production and reduce the crop yields. Rye (Secale cereal L.) is one of the most important weeds at wheat fields in Iran (Baghestani and Atri, 2003). Low expectations, allelopathic effects and similarity of life cycle and morphology, caused increasing of rye density in winter wheat fields. Water use efficiency (WUE) as an important physiological characteristic indicates the ability of plants to water stress. WUE may be affected by climatic and soil or plant factors. In plant communities, competition is one of most important physiological topics (Evans et al, 2003). At Inter-specific competition, weeds interfere to absorbing of light, water and nutrients through the adjacency with crop and so affect the growth and yield of crops. Weeds often compete with crops for soil water and reduce the accessibility of water. Competition between weeds and crops decrease the soil moisture and cause water stress which might decrease the weeds and crops growth. When the supply of water is limited, water drainage overlap areas in soil profile could be occurred relatively fast at early of in the crop life cycle.
In order to study the effects of drought stress on water use efficiency and root dry weight of wheat (Triticum aesativum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) in competition conditions, a pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty , University of Birjand in 2012. The experiment was arranged as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were included four wheat density (0, 8, 16 and 24 plants per pot), four rye density (0, 2, 4 and 6 plants per pot) and two levels of drought stress (irrigation after depletion of 20 and 60 % of field capacity moisture).
The results showed that all interaction effects were significant (P The results of this study indicated that drought stress reduced root dry mater of rye and water use efficiency of wheat and rye. Increasing inter-specific competition between wheat and rye reduced water use efficiency and root dry matter in two plants, but increasing intra-specific competition increased the studied traits. Generally, because of the overlap area of root development in wheat and rye, and more extensive root system of rye than the wheat, rye has higher competitive strength for water uptake.