The Development of Master Relations and Its Impact on the Life of Farmers during the Qajar Period (with Emphasis on Northern States of Iran)

The development of the international economy and the growth of capitalist relations in Iran have affected economic and social spheres of the country which are, to some extent, influenced by the developments in the west and the global system in the nineteenth century. Dependence on the needs of the global market led to the growth of commercial agriculture and the export of raw materials. The profitability of the sale of commercial agricultural products led to the importance of land and owner of a property, and the tendency of different classes to land. In this research, we try to use descriptive-analytical method and archival documents, while studying the impact of commercialization of agriculture as one of the reasons for the growth of private property in the northern states of Iran during the Qajar period. The study seek to answer the question that “What is the effect of the development of the relations of mastery in the lives of farmers in this area?”. After reviewing and analyzing data and documents, it was concluded that commercialization of agriculture leads to the tendency of some classlessness of society, including traders, state officials and even foreigners to invest in the lands of Mazandaran and Guilan. By entering these individuals into the owner class of society, private property grew and as a result, many native farmers were without land. These new owners, with the expansion of master-farming relations, found this power to intervene in the field of agriculture, commercial properties, ownership of water resources water resources and land taxes, and to harass farmers and exploit them to create a turbulent atmosphere in northern states.