The Effect of Combining Observational, Shadow and Physical Practice on Learning Dart Throwing Skill

The purpose of present study is to examine the effect of combining observational, shadow and physical practice on learning dart throwing skill. 72 female high school students with an average of 17 to 19 years were randomly assigned to the six groups of 12 participants: observational, shadow, physical, combination group 1 (observational-physical) combination group 2 (observational-shadow-physical) and the control group. After pretest, during the acquisition phase each of the groups practiced 60 trials, dart throwing skill based on specific instructions for each group, the control group did not practice. Ten minutes after the acquisition phase, immediate retention/transfer tests was performed. After 24 hours without training, delayed retention/transfer tests was performed. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed (P=0.05), training groups compared with the control group have been significantly better (P=0.000), and physical group and combination group (observational-physical) have been significantly better compared with the observational and shadow groups (P