Teamwork Training in Healthcare Delivery System: A Review of the Literature

Teamwork training is the most common method of strengthening teamwork in healthcare delivery system. Therefore, the current study aimed to review the studies in the field of teamwork education in the healthcare delivery system.
In this review study, scientific texts with the key-words of teamwork, inter-professional practice, teamwork training, knowledge, skills, and attitudes were searched in Google scholar, PubMed, Scientific Information Database (SID) and Magiran.
A variety of classroom-based, demonstration- and simulation-based methods are used for teamwork training. Various studies indicated that skills such as assertiveness, error management, and coordination as well as the knowledge of teamwork skills and attitudes towards teamwork are taught in healthcare delivery system. Specifically, "Team strategies and tools to enhance performance and patient safety" is an evidence-based systematic approach that teaches applicable techniques that can be implemented in clinical settings. Furthermore, for the purpose of educational evaluation, the following tools have been used: assessment of individuals’ knowledge and attitudes, their team behaviors and processes and evaluation of patients’ outcomes through self-report, and observation.
Different training methods can be effective on team processes and patients’ outcomes. However, methods that integrate teamwork into team’s daily activities are more effective. Considering the differences in the nature of work in different wards, it is necessary to design training programs tailored to their requirements.