Investigating the position of the courtyard in the climatic architecture of urban residential buildings with an emphasis on the cold and dry climate of Iran

Indigenous architectural elements are shaped more than any other factor influenced by environmental and climatic factors. Climate as a determinant factor has led to the emergence of different types of architectures in different climates. The courtyard is one of the elements of indigenous residential architecture, which has played a major role in human life especially in Iran and Iranian architecture, as various climatic conditions have occurred in different areas under the influence of environmental conditions. The significance of this element is that, as an architectural space, it can be the interface between the biological spaces and the outer space and act with its impact on environmental conditions itself as a subtlety. Accordingly, in this article, through descriptive-analytical method and content analysis method, the position and role of the courtyard in the climatic architecture of Iran especially in residential buildings has been investigated. In cold and dry climate, the result related to its position in designing Concordance with the climate has been mentioned. At the end, the results of this study have been described in detail both qualitatively and conceptually.