An Introduction of Conceptual Literature of Social - Psychological Empowerment

Nowadays, the empowerment debate is so popular that active social, political and economy groups use it. The worldwide usage of the term has two main consequences: first, ambiguity of definition and structure of empowerment construct, second, criticizing institutions and organization working on it as having no established criteria for measuring outcomes to prove their organization members are truly empowered. In spite of extent of usage of empowerment concept through studies, organizations and social institutions, psychological and social empowerment, are less spoken and one main reason is lack of proper studies within this field. This is a review article which aims to introduce, define and analyze of common empowerment models to bring together two psychological and social dimensions. First, in the introduction, it is dealt with literature history of psychological empowerment and its development via studies, then, familiar models are introduced and at the conclusion, findings and promising research recommendation for further studies are presented.