Nutritional value of different wheat brans from flour factories of Khorasan Razavi province in summer and winter and the effect of replacing barley grain with summer wheat bran on operation of Saanen goats

Wheat bran is a by-product of conventional milling and is commercially available in large quantities. Milling of one million tons of wheat, can yield 0.25 million tons of wheat bran (Javed et al. 2012). Beside its high content of dietary fibre it contains proteins, minerals as well as vitamins (Pomeranz 1988). Wheat bran has a different nutritional value, which is due to climatic conditions, wheat type, wheat variety, storage and etc. Also wheat bran is a feed with high digestibility fiber and palatability with a wide range of applications. Due to its relatively low price, More than 95% of it is used as animal feed. Wheat bran, which consists almost entirely of the coarse outer coating of the wheat kernel, is one of the important livestock feeds.On the other side, goat milk production is a growing industry that is very important to the wellbeing of people worldwide and is an important part of the economy in many countries. The aim of the investigations is to provide an integrated analysis of the major aspects in this field to highlight unexploited nutritional potential of goat milk and the need for improvements, particularly in food safety. Goat milk like cow milk delivers many nutrients with relatively low energy content, and is relevant to the health of consumers (Silanikove et al. 2010). In order to reduce costs in the animal husbandry (especially in the case of dairy goat), it was decided to replace the wheat bran instead of barley in the concentration of Saanen goats. Therefore this experiment follows two goals and was carried out in two stages. In the first step, the nutritive value and chemical composition of different wheat brans produced in flour factories of Khorasan Razavi province were compared in summer and winter using common laboratory methods. In the second step, the effect of replacing various levels of barley with wheat bran in mixed concentrate of Saanen goats was studied.
Material and The chemical composition, gas production parameters and factors estimated from gas production of different wheat brans obtained from 8 flour factories were determined using a completely randomized design with 8×2 factorial arrangement. Changes in body weight, milk production and milk composition of Saanen goats and the effect of substituting different levels of barley with summer wheat bran in the concentrates of under study was investigated using a completely randomized design.
There were a significant differences between all chemical compositions of different wheat brans (with the exception of crude fat) in various factories (P0.05), although the DM, NDF, ADF and CP (%) in the samples was significantly higher in summer than winter (P Wheat bran samples produced by different flour factories in two seasons of the year yielded various nutritive values. Bartnick and Jacobzick (1989) also stated that the difference in the value of wheat bran produced in flour mills could be due to the difference in the stages of crushing wheat in different factories. It was also identified that the replacement of barley with wheat bran in the diet, did not have any effect on body weight, milk production and milk composition. Different researchers believe that in the case of medium-quality diets, goat is the most highly digestible among other ruminant species (Devendra 1978; Illius and Gordon 1991).Whether the barley grain in concentrate can be replaced by wheat bran up to a level of 50 percent in the ration concentrate of Saanen goats needs to be further studied in the future. Similarly, the reasons underlying the difference between bran compositions produced in different factories in different seasons or regions of varying climates need to be further explored.