Separate and combined effects of Dimethoate pesticide and bio-fertilizer on the activity of enzymes involved in anaerobic pathway, neurotransmission and protein metabolism in common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of combination of Dimethoate pesticide and Bio-fertilizer, two frequently used chemical in agriculture, on blood biochemical and physiological parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio to understand their potential hazard to freshwater organisms. A total of 270 fish specimens were selected and allocated into nine treatments including: control group, A (0.016 mg/L pesticide), B (0.032 mg/L pesticide), C (0.1 ml/L fertilizer), D (0.2 ml/L fertilizer) and combined treatments: AC, AD, BC, BD, in triplicate. After 14 days of experiment, bloods were sampled from caudal vein. The blood biochemical enzymes including Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), were measured. AChE showed a decreasing trend in all treatments except in control fish. ALP significantly decreased in groups received higher doses of fertilizer and combined treatment of lower doses of pesticide with both doses of fertilizer (D, AC, AD treatments). AST and LDH did not show any significant differences in all treatments compared to the control group. ALT in combined AD treatment showed a significant increase compared to the control group and other treatments. CPK in B and combined treatments significantly increased in comparison with the control group. The results of this study showed that the effects of combined treatments of dimethoate pesticide and bio-fertilizer were significantly different from those in separate treatments of given chemicals.