Types of Methods for Removing Chemical Pollutants: Review and Optimization

Different methods have been proposed for the purification of contaminated areas, which include physical methods such as burning, ventilation and temperature absorption. Chemical methods include sedimentation, solvent extraction, oxidation and reduction. In contrast, biodegradation of contaminated soils, the use of green plants and microorganisms in soil remediation and the removal of environmental pollutants, is a low cost method without harm to soil biology and ecosystem. This approach has been increasing day by day for cheap reasons, simplicity, lack of adverse effects on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, increasing vegetation cover and its positive consequences. Fungi can degrade oil pollution by analyzing petroleum products. They can change or eliminate harmful substances and, consequently, remove them from the reach of other organisms and reduce environmental hazards. During biodegradation of contaminated areas with oil, harmful compounds can be metabolized by enzymes into the fungus or soil. The plant increases the oxygen content of the soil, and oxygen is a determinant factor in the growth and activity of aerobic microorganisms in the soil, as well as the determinant factor in the first stage of the decomposition of a large number of chemical compounds, including aromatic compounds.