Bakhtinian Polyphony and Heteroglossia and Their Presentation in the Novel Sangesabor

Bakhtin's concepts of Polyphony and heteroglossia are two of the main principles of modern criticism, especially in the analysis of literary texts such as novels and stories. Polyphony and heteroglossia as potential capacities of a text let the readers analyze novels and stories based on polyphonic and heteroglossic features. This study aims at investigating one of the leading contemporary novels, namely, Sangesaboor by Sadegh Ckubak, based on the principles of Polyphony and heteroglossia. To do so, polyphony and heteroglossia Bakhtin and its various manifestations including parody, intertextuality, literary and historical figures are explained using examples of the novel. In fact, the study aimed at finding if Chubak’s novel has cases of polyphony and heteroglossia in their different manifestations.