The Criticisms of Rokno-Din Al- Malahemi Al-Kharazmi on Egology of the Philosophers, Considering the Book Tohfat-ol-Motakallemin'

Rokno-Din Al-Malahemi Al-Kharazmi (death 536LAH/ 1141 AD) is one of the motazeli theologians who is unknown to a great extent. His writings are only known among Zeidi Shiites of Yemen in which motazeli theology was common. Ibn Al-Malahemi is one of the philosophers who has vigorously analyzed and criticized the beliefs of philosophers. After Ghazali, he has written a book named "Tohfat-ol-Motakallemin fi al-Rad ala al-Falasefeh" and has investigated and criticized the theories of philosophers. One of the discussions noticed in this book is falsification of the immateriality of soul. Ibn Al-Malahemi believes the soul is materialistic and denies the immateriality of the soul. He believes human's identity is the main parts of his body. He believes the soul and the body are identical and says the soul is the very same sensible body. One of Ibn Al- Malahemi's criticisms of philosophers is as follows: if the soul is immaterial, why does it enter one body [and moves] to another in different ways? If the soul is immaterial, its creating cause should be immaterial as well; the cause that makes it necessary should be immaterial as well; then why should not all beings be immaterial? I have first presented an introduction on the life and writings of Ibn Al- Malahemi and then have discussed the differences and similarities between Ghazali and Ibn Al-Malahemi in criticizing philosophers, and have studied Ibn Al-Malahemi's egology and finally have discussed the criticisms of philosopher's egology posed by Ibn Al-Malahemi.