Genetic Diversity among Fennel (Fueniculum Vulgare Mill.) Landrace using Scot Markers

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is one of the well-known medicinal and aromatic plants. To determine variability between 16 Iranian Fennel landrace based on molecular markers, this experiment was conducted in the biotechnology laboratory of Payame Noor University of Kermanshah in 2014. In this experiment, 16 landrace of the Foeniculum vulgare Mill. were selected from the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran of Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland. Landrace were evaluated based on 15 SCoT primers markers. All of the SCot primers showed 77 visible bands in which four bands were similar patterns. The SC5 and SC29 primers had the most number of bands with 10 and 9 bands respectively, while SC10, SC26 and SC44 with two bands showed the least band numbers. The Polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI), EMR and RP indices were calculated for all primers. With this point of view, SC15 and SC63 were the best primers to identify variability among these Fennels. Total genetic similarity based on these primers was 66 percent. The greatest genetic similarity was between Ardabil1 with Ardabil2 and Tehran2 landrace. The lowest genetic distance was between Ghazvin and Yazd fennel landrace. Cluster analysis based Jakard coefficient by UPGMA was classified all genotype to four groups and this clustering was confirmed by principal coordinate (PCo) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Portion of between group variance was just 24 percent of total variance.