A Lexical Analysis of the Quranic Words"Ruh, Nafs, Qalb, Fuad, and Sadr" and Their Variety or Sameness, with Emphasis on the Views of Allameh Tabatabai, Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi and Ayatollah Javadi Amuli

The Quranic words "Ruh, Nafs, Qalb, Fuad, and Sadr" refer to the second dimension of man. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper discusses whether these words refer to onething or to various things, and analyzes the views of commentators, especially Allameh Tabatabai, Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli to present a new criterion for distinguishing between the aforementioned words. The research result shows that this abstract matter is called Ruh before joining the body, and it is called Nafs after joining it.
Also, these two words are distinct from the three words: Qalb, Fuad and Sadr. These three words have the same meaning as Nafs or Ruh in their common use, but when used in association with attributes, they refer to the levels of human spirit or soul; or Ruh and Nafs may refer to the whole truth of man, but Qalb, Fuad and Sadr are qualities that do not refer to the whole truth of man despite being united with Nafs and Ruh.