punitive damages in contractual liaibility

In common law punitive damage is a renowned institution. The traditional approach is that punitive damages are unavailable for breach of contract. The dominant elements(basis) of this approach are non-recognizance the possibility of deterrence and punishment in contractual liability and that punitive damages and efficient breach are heterogeneous.In this article we consider and study that how could justify awarding punitive damages in contractual liability and is there any theoretical justification for this view in French and iran legal regime?we argue that in these legal regimes in addititional to reparation of damages, deterrence and punishment are desired objects.the authors argue that punitive damages are accommodated with defendant conduct.the conduct which has an element that necessitate punishment whether that misconduct accompany with breach of contract or a tortious act.