The Interaction of Dietary Patterns and Anthropometric Indices on Osteoporosis and Osteopenia

Osteoporosis is a largest health concerns in world. Despite the results of many studies about the effect of nutrition on bone health, the interaction of nutrition with genetic, environmental, and nutritional items has not been assessed yet. The aim of this study was to assess the interaction of dietary patterns and anthropometric indices [body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR)] with osteoporosis and osteopenia.
Dietary intakes of participants (380 persons) was assessed using food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar and femoral neck were assessed using bone densitometry. Anthropometric indices were measured via measuring height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference.
Findings: After adjustment for confounders, the interaction of higher mean of a healthy dietary pattern and general obesity (body mass index of over 25 kg/m2) in the third model (adjusted for age, sex, calorie, getting nutritional supplements, using sunscreens, physical activity, educational level, and smoking) was 0.43 (0.20-0.95) and significant; that showed reduction of 57% in the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Lower risks of osteoporosis and osteopenia were seen in people with body mass index of over 25 kg/m2, and in lower mean of traditional (Sonati) dietary pattern. People with general obesity and in higher mean of western dietary pattern had higher risk of diseases.
Interaction between dietary pattern and anthropometric indices decreased the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia just in persons that had general obesity and were in high mean of using healthy dietary pattern.