Review on aflatoxins biodegradation strategies based on fungi

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi, particularly Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, that known to be the most dangerous mycotoxin. Among the more than 20 types of aflatoxin identified, four types of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, and two AFM1 and AFM2 (hydroxylated metabolites of AFB1 and AFB2 in animals and livestock products, respectively) have been identified as major contributors to pathogenicity. The carcinogenic role of these toxins recognized in liver target tissue.
Human exposure to mycotoxins occurs directly through the intake of contaminated agricultural products or indirectly through the consumption of products of animal origin prepared or obtained from animals that were fed with contaminated material. For detoxification and reduce threats to public health in the context of communities, and the economic damage caused by the aflatoxins in food products of animal and plants, different techniques (physical, chemical and biological) has been studied.
All of these methods, by modifying and destroying the toxin molecular structure, inhibit its transfer to the digestive system, and reduce the accessibility of toxins to the target tissue and eliminate it. The current review performed based on search in database Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct, Iranmedex, Magiran, SID and Irandoc of biological substance (bacteria, fungi, and algae) reviews the biological degradation of AFs by fungal microorganisms and converting it into non-toxic, or less toxic products, and providing appropriate solutions.