The Effect of Various Platelet-Rich Plasma Concentrations on Osteoblast Differentiation in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are stem cells with high differentiation potential that have been investigated for bone differentiation both in vivo and in vitro during the last decade. It was shown that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can accelerate bone formation. Due to limitation of human studies in this field, and unknown appropriate concentration of platelet-rich plasma, this study compared the effect of applicable concentration of platelet-rich plasma on osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stromal cells.
Mesenchymal stromal cells were isolated from human adipose tissue and differentiated into osteoblasts. The effects of 10% and 15% of platelet-rich plasma on bone differentiation evaluate via measuring biochemical markers like alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. The expression of RUNX2 and osteocalcin genes were calculated using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Findings: Compared to other groups, when treated by 10% platelet-rich plasma, human adipose-derived cells, having the potential to differentiate to adipocyte and osteoblast cell lines, showed significant increase in osteoblast differentiation rate, expression of gene markers, enzyme activity, and mineralization.
Activated platelet-rich plasma as a biological catalyst has different and significant effect on bone differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in different concentration; so, the onset of osteogenic differentiation in 10% platelet-rich plasma was observed earlier than other groups. Further investigations in this field can improve its clinical application in bone remodeling.