Pull and Push Factors of Rurality and its Impact on the Tendency of Rural Youth to Stay or Migrate

Today, we are facing the issue of “rural-urban migration” and this research mainly focuses on the causes and factors of rural-urban migration among young people and the role of rural attractions and repulsions. This research mainly examines the causes and factors of rural-urban migration among young people and the role of rural attractions and repulsions. Using multistage cluster sampling and survey method, young people aged 15-30 years in the villages of the two cities of Hashtrud and Osku were studied and 769 questionnaires were filled by them. The results of this study indicated that the youth of the studied villages had different reasons for leaving their villages and migrating to cities. The most important reasons were finding good jobs, lack of infrastructure, sanitation and welfare facilities and insufficient income in the village. The most important attractions of urban life were access to more welfare facilities, easy access to employment opportunities, realization of dreams, and access to educational facilities.In the study of rural push, it was found out that lack of adequate infrastructure and welfare facilities, unemployment and lack of proper jobs, lack of educational, cultural and recreational facilities, lack of adequate income and unsuitable economic conditions were among the most important rural push. Multivariate regression analysis showed that unemployment (rural repulsion), lack of income (rural repulsion), lack of educational facilities (rural repulsion), lack of amenities (rural repulsion), relaxation and comfort of life (city attraction), employment status (being unemployed) and college education increase the desire for migration while the variables of meeting the needs and satisfaction with rural facilities reduce the tendency to immigrate.