Quantitative study of forces in boring process and a new ‎method for tool-tip force

Due to its complex dynamics, turning process has always been of interest ýto ýmachining researchers and much effort has been made to determine the ýforces. The aim ýof this paper is to define the amount of ýdifference between ýAltintas formula, dynamometer value, and the value which ýis obtained by ýproviding a new method based. Practical tests are done to verify the results. ýThe tests are ýperformed for boring state with different parameters and the ýforce signal is determined using a ýdynamometer andthe new method in which ýthe acceleration of one point of the ýtool is used. Using the results of these two ýsignals, the parameters needed to ýcalculate the force components in Altintas ýapproach and the new method are ýderived. The results ýshow that the tool tip ýforce, resulting from the new method which considered ýthe effects of ýdisplacement and acceleration tool, obtains the greatest force ýamplitude. The ýforce at the end of the tool which is derived by dynamometer ýhas lower and ýthe force resulting from Altintas approach has the lowest amplitude, in which ýthe cutting force is ýonly considered as a factor of chip dimensions. Therefore, ýbecause of their ýimportant differences, these forces should not be used ýinterchangeably.ý