Numerical study of the effect of the extended nozzles on drag reduction of blunt body with counter-flow jet in supersonic turbulent flow

The effect of counterflow jet through an extended nozzle on reducing aerodynamic drag is analyzed by using a combined method. Flow field is simulated around a hemispherical body in a free stream with Mach 4. The results are reached by providing a 3D solver and applying the complete form of Navier-Stoke and energy equations along with modified shear stress transport model. Appropriate numerical validation has been made by comparing the surface pressure distribution in the zero pressure ratio of jet to free-stream and drag on the nose at a pressure ratio of 0 to 3. Four nozzles were used to analyze the effect of extending. The results show that the nozzle extensions have a significant effect on the wave drag after changing the shape of the bow shock. In a given pressure ratio, the effect of injected jet from the extended nozzle over the reduction of the nose is higher than that of direct jet injection from the nose. The effect is visible in all pressure ratios. Furthermore, a limited increase in the pressure ratio over a fixed length of the extended nozzle has led to a further reduction of total drag. However, in the higher pressure ratios, the linear increase of the retro jet has led to an increase in the total drag on the nose. The results also show that increasing the nozzle length in a constant pressure ratio leads to an increase in the depth of jet penetration and a larger reduction of total drag.