Aesthetic functions of the cultural characteristics of Indian land in Persian poetry until the 9th century

The characteristics of the land of India are reflected in Persian poetry so that it has been a tool for making images and poetry themes in the oldest Persian poetry and in all periods of time and various types of literary. The purpose of this article is to examine the images and themes which poets have created from the characteristics of the Indian land. This paper has studied the history of the use of Indian land characteristics by descriptive-analytic method and its artistic functions in Persian poetry. From the beginning of Persian poetry, India's diverse characteristics have driven poet's imagination into their artistic use. In the Ghaznavids period, this function has become remarkable in Persian poetry, after which the features of India have been considered as the backbone of Persian poetry. These features include these categories: the names of Indian cities and their characteristics, Indian instruments and products, religion, actions and behavior, Indigenous characteristics of Indians, etc. These features have an aesthetic function and have created images, metaphor, simile and themes which are not understood without knowing the Indian cultural sphere.