Early Modernization School and Historical Origins of the Groundwater Resources Crisis in Iran: The Impact and Practice of Truman's Point Four Program

In the last century, with the proliferation of modernization school patterns, there has been a radical transformation in the methods of exploiting water resources, which has challenged these resources dramatically. The present paper examines the deep well drilling and its promotion in one of the Iran's first major modernization programs - the so-called Point Four Program (1949-1970). Here the main question is to look for the roots of the water crisis, in other words, the roots of the change in the pattern of water exploitation that led to this crisis.
The research method for the current paper is based on library studies and the examination of historical documents, with emphasis on first-hand documents and resources. These documents include the National Library and Archives of Iran, the “Documents from point four program in Iran”, the Internet Archive of the US Department of the Interior, the US Agency for International Development's Internet Archive, Publications and Correspondence Related to point four program as well as documents from affiliated institutions such as University of Utah.