Designing and Psychometric Properties of Children Movement Motivation Questioner (CMMQ) in 3 to 6 Years Children

Children differ not only in their physical, cognitive and motor development but also they differ in their motivation to move. The purpose of this study was to design the children movement motivation questionnaire in 3 to 6 years old children.
The type of the present study is methodological research in which the questionnaire was designed using Waltz's four-step method. The psychometric properties of the instrument such as face validity, content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency were determined. To examine these stages, 580 parents and their sons were randomly selected from Khoram Abad's preschool and kindergarten center and participated in the study.
Finding: Forty items of the questionnaire were identified from the review of the studies based on Theory of Motivation. After determining the face and content validity using qualitative and quantitative methods, all terms of the questionnaire (40 items) were retained for evaluation at a later stage. However, the result of exploratory factor analysis reduced the number of questionnaire's items to 34 phrases and categorized them as four agents of activity, explorative, motivation and adaptation. These 4 factors explained nearly 64.26 % of the variance of the Questionnaire. Also, the internal consistency (Cronbach α) was 0.864.
The findings of this study indicate that "Children Movement Motivation Questionnaire" with 34 items, in spite of features such as tool designing based on a review of studies consistent with motivational theories, simple scoring, reliability and validity and using appropriateness and feasibility in different situations by parents, trainers, nurses and occupational therapists is an appropriate tool for evaluating movement motivation in 3 to 6 year children.