Effects of detoxification and Food Safety of apple pomace on Imidacloprid content, milk production and composition and In vivo nutrient digestibility in milking Mahabadi dairy goats

Pecticide residue concentration of some animal feeds in Iran may be more than maximum residue level (MRL). This study aimed at investigating the effects of various processes of apple pomace on Imidacloprid residue in the apple pomace, milk production and composition, and in vivo nutrient digestibility of Mahabadi dairy goats, which used rations that include high amounts of apple pomace (28.68% /DM).
Material and In this study, 30 adult Mahabadi dairy goats with a live weight of 55 ± 5 kg have been studied in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replicates. All animals used in this experiment were kept under the guidance of the Animal Farm Research and Surveillance guide. Experimental treatments included feed ration which contained non processed apple pomace (Control Group), microwave irradiated apple pomace, processed apple pomace with commercial adsorbent and deactivated toxins, (50 g/d for each goat and 1 kg/t apple pomace, respectively) and processed apple pomace with commercial acidifier. The diet was given to the livestock as a total mixed ration (TMR) in two meals (hours 8 and 16). In this research determine the amount of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, calcium and phosphorus in feed and animal waste samples, standard methods of AOAC were used. Also, Identification and measurement of Imidacloprid with GC Cp 3800 gas chromatograph machine, Varian France GC / MS-00-0240, and Varian France 2200 Mass Spectrometry used that equipped with a three-repeat ion trap. In order to determine the effect of different treatments of apple pomace on the amount of dry matter, daily intake of feed for animals was measured daily. But, for measuring digestibility of nutrients, during the 25 to 28 days of the experiment (for 4 days), the amount of feed intake, total feces and dietary residue per day were measured and samples were taken to determine digestibility.
The results indicated that the highest and lowest amount of Imidacloprid existing in different treatments were related to the control group and processed apple pomace with commercial adsorbent respectively. (4.86 and 2.81 mg/kg). Processing with the purpose of decreasing the effect of fungal toxins led to a significant increase in milk production compared to the control group (1.47 g/d) (P˂0.05). It seems that the compounds used in this experiment to modify the amount of imidacloprid because differences in their chemical structure have different function and mechanism, For example, Mycofix- Plus in Treatment 3 is an inorganic trace agent that is the most important characteristic of the physical structure of the absorbent, Its distribution, surface pores size can be used. On the other hand, the properties of mycotoxin adsorption, such as polarity, solubility, shape, and distribution, also play a significant role. But in combination treatment 4, it has been used as a BioTox absorbent as an organic absorbent, which is typically a component of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that uses only cell walls of yeast (consisting of β-glucan and mannan oligosaccharides) instead of the entire cell, the connection to the toxin can increase. In addition, the results of this study revealed that adding toxin's adsorbent compounds did not have any effects on the different ingredients of milk. Other results showed that microwave freezing and various additives did not have a significant effect on the amount of dry matter and nutrients except crude fat and calcium concentrations. It seems that decreasing the amount of calcium in the receiving groups of pesticide absorbent compounds is due to the bonding of calcium ions to the control group (P In general, the toxin's adsorbent and deactivating compounds in rations contain high levels of apple pomace, decrease the amount of Imidacloprid and, in addition to ascertaining the safety and increasing the efficiency of milk production, lead to the production of healthier products.