Evaluation of allelic diversity using SDS-PAGE technique in leaf tissues of bread wheat

The present study was performed with the purpose of evaluating the genetic relationship between bread wheat genotypes based on leaf protein electrophoresis using the SDS-PAGE technique. In this study, soluble protein electrophoresis patterns were investigated in 16 genotypes of bread wheat. The concentration of the total leaf soluble proteins was determined using the Bradford and spectrophotometric methods. After staining using Coomassie blue R-250, in order to analyze the electrophoresis data, the presence and absence of the protein bands were scored one and zero, respectively. The similarity matrix was calculated and cluster analysis was performed based on Jaccard coefficient using UPGMA. The comparison of banding patterns of leaf soluble protein electrophoresis samples showed that not only were the protein bands on gels different in terms of location and molecular weight, but they also showed difference in terms of density and intensity. The studied genotypes were classified using cluster analysis and the genetic relationship between them was investigated. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, backcross roshan zemestaneh and Navid genotypes possessed all the polypeptides generated among the studied genotypes. Zare and backcross roshan zemestaneh genotypes had the highest number of protein bands (23 bands) and pishgam genotype had the lowest number of bands (13 bands). Based on the dendrogram of electrophoretic data and plot of the principal axis analysis, Bezostaya and Navid were the most different and genetically distanced genotypes. The results of this study could be useful in bread wheat breeding programs.