Prioritization of Rural Development Strategies by Sustainable Development Approach (Case Study: Villages in the Northwest of Isfahan Province)

The northwest region of Isfahan province is one of the geographical centers of Iran indicating the need for creation of an economic resource as an agricultural complement due to its significant features similar to those of the dry areas. As an example of rural unsustainability due to various natural and human factors, this region has problems including the relative deprivation of the rural districts in this region despite the high environmental potential, climate fluctuations and especially severe drought in recent years, and its negative consequences in economic and social structure of the region, the young structure of the region and the lack of productive employment platforms for them, and finally, the degradation of the villager's life quality. Therefore, the present study was conducted to answer the question of what the optimal rural development strategies are in the northwest of Isfahan province in order to identify the best development strategy for sustainable development and facilitate sustainable rural development planning in the regions by the prioritization of other strategies.  THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: Rural development strategies and models are classified into three general groups: technocratic, reformist, and radical. Each of these groups has numerous approaches and strategies. In this regard, sustainable development approach can be considered as a development process which is economically dynamic and productive, environmentally non-destructive, socially fair and acceptable, and technologically appropriate and desirable. Nowadays, paying attention to sustainable rural development is imperative in many plans. Five prerequisites for the success of sustainable rural development are as follows: a) Process attitude to education, b) Prioritizing people, c) Security, law, and protection of individual's rights and their resources, d) Sustainability through self-esteem & e) Actualizing talents, commitment, and its continuity in administrators.. In the present study, Delphi technique was used to determine the sustainable development strategies consistent with the features of the northwest region of Isfahan province. A total of 30 panelists were thus selected based on their expertise and according to specific circumstances by purposive judgmental sampling. At this stage, top 10 strategies were selected from 18. Expert's views and Delphi technique were utilized to determine the criteria and sub-criteria. Therefore, indices for the optimal sustainable development strategy in the northwest villages of Isfahan province were put into the following four groups in three rounds: economic (6 sub-criteria), social (5 sub-criteria), physical-spatial (4 sub-criteria), and environmental (4 sub-criteria) groups. Pairwise comparison was used to measure the relative importance of all criteria and sub-criteria. Finally, based on the mentioned indices of this research (18 indices), the 10 proposed strategies were ranked using Promethee method. In this research, 19 indices were studied and classified into the four groups of economic, social, physical-spatial, and environmental. Paired comparison was used to measure the relative importance of all criteria and sub-criteria. Among the main criteria, environmental criterion had the highest value with a weight of 0.276, but social criterion had the lowest value with a weight of 0.219. Each of the studied sub-criteria also had a number of sub-criteria which should be compared and evaluated in pairs according to the desired criterion. According to the expert's pairwise comparison of sub-criteria by AHP technique, the sub-criterion of plan implementation cost had the highest value with a weight of 0.198, but the sub-criterion of short to long term income ratio had the lowest value among the sub-criteria of this group. In pairwise comparisons, "social", "expansion", and "the creation of new jobs" sub-criteria had the highest values with a weight of 0.270, but "female's economic roles" sub-criterion had the lowest value with a weight of 0.119. According to the pairwise comparisons of the physical-spatial sub-criteria, "facilities and infrastructural equipment" sub-criterion had the highest value with a weight of 0.280, but "impressibility by extent" had the lowest value with a weight of 0.221. Finally, the pairwise comparisons of the environmental sub-criteria indicated that "adaptation to regional potential" had the highest value with a weight of 0.310. Measuring the weights and the importance of all indices (by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), collecting data, and using normal preference function, we first calculated positive and negative flows, then obtained the net flow, and finally, ranked the strategies. Based on calculations by Promethee technique, first, the tourism development planning strategy with a net flow of 0.76, and after that, the popular partnership strategy with a net flow of 0.65 were found to be the best strategies. According to the conducted studies in the present research, the indices namely "the rate of changes in the natural environment", "facilities and infrastructural equipment", and also "adaptation to regional potential" had the highest importance in the studied area. On the other hand, based on these indices and according to the expert's selected strategies, tourism development planning and public participation strategies were put in top ranks in the selection of the most optimal rural development strategy. Therefore, attention to the tourism principle and the provision of its development infrastructures is the best development strategy in the studied region. In addition, the utilization of the local's participation can ensure sustainable rural development. Tourism can be very effective due to the proper infrastructure and potential of tourism (including climatic diversity, cultural and ancient heritage, and pristine nature) in the rural regions of northwest Isfahan province in addition to the climatic conditions and drought, which have caused a lot of problems for the regional agriculture especially during the recent decade as farmers need to compensate for problems caused by drought and improve their economic situation. In fact, the tourism development strategy is in line with regional conditions and it can accelerate regional sustainable development in the case that it is taken into account.