Recognition of attitudes toward context in the buildings of Mashgh Square in through the First Pahlavi Era*

The relationship between Architecrure and previous context is one of the most important issues of architecture and city designing. This discussion from the thoughts of ancient ages about buildings’ placement rooted from placement of buildings related to the adjacent ones. In the valued issues, through the review of history, culture and society, a valuableand suitable architectural design of aimed area according to the cultural and historical backgrounds could be done. In this research, and at the first part, we aim to define the context and design approaches like contextualism, regionalism and typology that had the dirrect reaction with design bed. At the second part, via choosing of buildings from Mashgh Square of Tehran, which have the important governmental buildings from previous times of Tehran, especially First Pahlavi era, we try to recognize architects’ approach towards context and the extend of influences of past on these buliding at that time. The diffrences between first Pahlavi era and western contemporary architects (international style) about the context is the question of this research. In this research, the methodology is the combination of Analytical-Adaptive method and study on case studies. At the first part, basic and first class refrences, and historical and second-class documents are analyzed. At the second part, the research would be done on case precedents, through the field study, photography and collecting data. Results reveal that attitude of arcitects of first pahlavi era towards context, is different with contemporary western architects. Although reviewed buildings had new approaches, but still footprints from Iranian past architecture could be traced in decoration or even seen at some forms of these buildings.