Study of nano particle TiO2 spraying on chlorophyll, yield and yield components of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)

IntroductionA particle in which at least one of the dimensions does not exceed 100 nm is classified as a nanoparticle. Nanoparticles are characterized by high ratio of surface area to volume or weight, what strongly influences physical and chemical properties of Nano sized materials. Nano products find applications in many fields of daily life. Lentil is one of the major legumes crops in all over the world including Iran. It is a cheap source of high quality protein in the diets of millions in developing countries, who cannot afford animal protein for balanced nutrition and also rich in important vitamins, minerals, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber.
Material & MethodsTo study the effect of nanoparticle Tio2 spray on some agronomic traits of lentil, a factorial experiment was carried out based on RCBD with four replications in Zanjan University on 2011. Treatments included six levels of nanoparticle Tio2 solution spray (control, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04% and 0.05%) and two times of spraying (flowering and 60% steaming stage).
Results & DiscussionResults showed spray concentration × application time interaction on grain and biological yield, number of pod per plant, number of grain per pod, 100 grain weight, plant height, number pod hollow and chlorophyll b and harvest index was significant. But spray concentration × application time interaction on chlorophyll a was not significant. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll b was obtained with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at both stage and the lowest obtained with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of plant height was obtained with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest obtained with applying 0.05% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of grain yield was obtained with applying 0.02% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage. However, with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 this stage there were not significant and the lowest obtained with applying 0.02% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at flowering stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of biological yield was obtained with applying 0.02% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest was obtained with applying 0.02% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at flowering stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of harvest index was obtained with applying 0.05% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest was obtained with applying 0.04% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of pod per plant was obtained with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest was obtained with applying 0.04% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at flowering stage. The result of mean comparison showed that the highest amount of number of grain per pod was related with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest was related with applying 0.04% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of 100 grain weight was obtained with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest was obtained with applying 0.04% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at flowering stage. As well as, the results showed the effect of spray of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and spraying time on chlorophyll a was significant (P ≤ 0.01). Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount chlorophyll a were obtained with applying 0.05% nanoparticle Tio2, the highest amount chlorophyll a were obtained with applying 0.02% nanoparticle Tio2. The spray of nanoparticles titanium at 50% flowering and steaming stage (60%) was the highest and lowest impact on the amount of chlorophyll a.
ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, it is concluded that spray with nanoparticles increased quantity and quality of lentil. But, the use of nanoparticles according to the aspect of environmental safety is very important.