Relation of Pre-diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Case-Control Study

Diabetes mellitus type 2 and pre-diabetes are triggered by a variety of factors such as obesity, lipid disorders and hypertension. The aim of study was to determine diabetic and pre-diabetic risk factors.
Material and In this case-control study, a total of 29 individuals were enrolled in the diabetic group, 140 individuals in pre-diabetic group and 169 age- and sex-matched individuals (normal fasting blood sugar) in the control group. Anthropometric indexes and blood pressure were measured by standard methods. Blood samples were taken from the three groups for measuring triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. Relationships between variables were tested using chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and binary logistic regression models. P With logistic regression, the important risk factors in pre-diabetics were hypertriglyceridemia (OR= 2.90: 1.54-5.46) and high LDL cholesterol (OR= 4.42: 1.35-14.40) compared to subjects with normal blood sugar. In diabetics, the important factors were body mass index (OR= 1.15: 1.03-1.28), hypertriglyceridemia (OR= 3.43: 1.35-8.67) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR= 1.03: 1.01-1.06) compared to subjects with normal blood sugar. On the other hand, diastolic blood pressure (OR= 1.04: 1.01-1.08) was the important factor in diabetic patients compared to pre-diabetes.
According to the results of this study, attention to high body mass index, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL and blood pressure can be effective on prevention and reduction of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus.