Investigation of lichenic biofilm on surfaces rocks in ancient village of Kandovan, Iran

Due to the importance of monitoring the biodiversity and surveillance of ancient monuments and the growth of some types of lichens on the rocks of stone surfaces in the historical village of Kandovan, the lichenic biofilm of the rocks were studied. The study area was divided based on the particular situation of the village. After isolation, the isolated lichens were documented then identified on the basis of morphological, anatomical and chemical characteristics. Regarding the different distribution patterns of lichens in the rocky areas of the village, it was attempted to investigate its relation with environmental factors and human activities. The results showed that more than 42 different types of lichen have been colonized as stone biofilms and biodiversity on the rocky surfaces in the Kandovan village. The 9 selected species are presented for the first time as the common species in this habitat stone surfaces which have an important role to create biofilms and change the appearance of the rocks. Ecological factors governing on Kandovan, including climate, architecture and human activities can affect the biodiversity and development of the lichens. However, the evaluation of their influence on biodeteration or protection of the stones warrants further investigation.