A Comparative Study on the Ontology and Justification of Evils in the Philosophical Theology of Judaism and Islam (with an Emphasis on Ibn Maimonide's Views and Shahid Motahari's Critical Points)

The relationship between the evil and the deffects of the world with the justice of God has long been brought into consideration by the thinkers of Abrahamic religions. In the two religions of Judaism and Islam, philosophers have paid attention to it at their level of rational ability and philosophical mind. The author of this article, by referring directly to the works of Ibn Maimonides` and the late Shahid Motahari, has compared these two rational traditions in the issue of evil. The results of this research lie in the fact that both Judaism and Islam in the field of rational theology have been ruled by philosophical principles and considered evil as nothing. But there there may be found some differences between the religions in the field that may be taken as arising from the appearance and historical course of theology in the two religions in such a way that in Judaism one may not find any word on human spiritual growth as found in Islam.