Aid and Abet in an Offense under Iran, Afghanistan and Egypt Jurisprudence and Criminal Laws

Aid and Abet in an Offense is to help someone, the principal or main perpetrator(s) of the crime - who have been directly involved in material element of the crime - as referred to in the law. To fulfill Aid and Abet, it is necessary to determine the conditions in the law. Aid and Abet is not an independent crime and borrows its status as a crime from the original crime. Therefore, the role of accessory perpetrator in committing a crime is ancillary, because such perpetrator has no intrusive mass in the material element. In this regard, pursuant to Iran Penal Code and jurisprudence, the punishment of accessory perpetrator is milder than principal perpetrator. However, in penal codes of some countries, such as Afghanistan, Egypt, France, United Kingdom, United States, and ... the punishment of accessory and principal is identical. This research looks at the basis of such difference of opinion, and see which one is closer to criminal justice and jurisprudence.